Element of computer


Element of computer

 If you use a desktop computer, you might already know that there isn't any single part called the "computer." A computer is really a system of many parts working together. The physical parts, which you can see and touch, are collectively called hardware. (Software, on the other hand, refers to the instructions, or programs, that tell the hardware what to do.)

Control Unit (CU):

 How does the input device know that it is time for it to feed data into the storage unit? How does the ALU know what should be done with the data once they are received? All this is possible due to the control unit of the computer system. It is coordinates all the functions. It’s received the instructions, decodes them and passes them to the ALU for execution. Function of  this unit are:

·   It retrieves instructions from the main memory & determines what action is to be taken.
·   It then retrieves the data required to be processed from the main memory.
·   It causes the CPU to actually carry out the required operations & determines whether the required operations, have been carried out or not.
·   It places the processed results in the output area of the memory.
·   It fetches the next instructions from the memory (and repeat the whole cycle of operation out lined above).
In addition to the above the control unit also oversees to ensure that the erroneous    data does     not enter into the system.

   Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU):   

This unit contain two subsection  Arithmetic Section: Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operation like addition, subtraction, multiplication & division. All complex operations are done by making repetitive use of above operations.
·        Logic section: functions of logic section are to perform logic operations such as comparing, selecting, matching and merging.

Memory or Storage Unit:

This unit store instruction, data & intermediate results. This unit supplies information to the other units of the computer when needed. It is also known as internal storage unit or main memory or primary storage or random access memory (RAM). Its size affects speed, power & capability. The main memory can be divided into four areas that have no fixed or built-in-physical boundaries with in the memory.